million tonnes
| Rank | Total exports | Mt | | 1 | China | 94.3 | | 2 | Japan | 32.2 | | 3 | South Korea | 27.0 | | 4 | European Union (27) 1 | 26.0 | | 5 | Germany 2 | 22.5 | | 6 | Italy 2 | 16.1 | | 7 | Belgium 2 | 14.6 | | 8 | Russia | 13.9 | | 9 | Türkiye | 12.7 | | 10 | Brazil | 12.3 | | 11 | Iran | 11.9 | | 12 | Netherlands 2 | 11.8 | | 13 | France 2 | 9.9 | | 14 | India | 9.9 | | 15 | Indonesia | 9.6 | | 16 | Taiwan, China | 9.5 | | 17 | United States | 8.9 | | 18 | Viet Nam | 8.6 | | 19 | Spain 2 | 7.8 | | 20 | Malaysia | 7.6 |
| | Rank | Total imports | Mt | | 1 | European Union (27) 1 | 39.2 | | 2 | United States | 26.4 | | 3 | Germany 2 | 18.7 | | 4 | Italy 2 | 18.7 | | 5 | Türkiye | 18.0 | | 6 | Mexico | 17.5 | | 7 | South Korea | 15.0 | | 8 | Viet Nam | 14.0 | | 9 | Thailand | 13.7 | | 10 | Indonesia | 12.4 | | 11 | France 2 | 11.8 | | 12 | Belgium 2 | 11.6 | | 13 | Poland 2 | 11.6 | | 14 | China | 11.0 | | 15 | Spain 2 | 10.2 | | 16 | India | 9.8 | | 17 | Netherlands 2 | 9.0 | | 18 | Canada | 8.6 | | 19 | Taiwan, China | 7.5 | | 20 | Malaysia | 7.1 |
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| Rank | Net exports
(exports – imports) | Mt | | 1 | China | 83.2 | | 2 | Japan | 26.3 | | 3 | Russia | 12.7 | | 4 | South Korea | 12.0 | | 5 | Iran | 10.2 | | 6 | Brazil | 7.3 | | 7 | Oman | 3.8 | | 8 | Germany 2 | 3.8 | | 9 | Austria 2 | 3.6 | | 10 | Belgium 2 | 3.0 | | 11 | Netherlands 2 | 2.8 | | 12 | Ukraine | 2.2 | | 13 | Taiwan, China | 2.0 | | 14 | Slovakia 2 | 1.5 | | 15 | Luxembourg 2 | 1.5 |
| | Rank | Net imports
(imports – exports) | Mt | | 1 | European Union (27) 1 | 22.0 | | 2 | United States | 17.6 | | 3 | Egypt | 15.2 | | 4 | Mexico | 14.4 | | 5 | Thailand | 12.0 | | 6 | Philippines | 6.9 | | 7 | Poland 2 | 6.5 | | 8 | Viet Nam | 5.4 | | 9 | Türkiye | 5.2 | | 10 | United Arab Emirates | 4.5 | | 11 | Iraq | 4.4 | | 12 | Saudi Arabia | 3.4 | | 13 | Indonesia | 2.8 | | 14 | Czechia 2 | 2.7 | | 15 | Singapore | 2.7 |
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1 Excluding intra-regional trade
2 Data for individual European Union (27) countries include intra-European trade
